An LED wall consists of grid-arranged cabinets (modules) that are connected at the rear via power and data lines, forming a seamless display surface at the front. Each pixel typically consists of three separate LEDs in Red, Green, and Blue (RGB) that emit light directly. This eliminates the backlighting which causes black level losses and viewing angle issues in LCDs.
The most important quality parameter of an LED wall is the pixel pitch — the distance between the centres of two pixels in millimetres. The smaller the pitch, the closer the viewer can stand without seeing the pixel grid. Indoor boardrooms today work with pitches of 0.9–1.5 mm, retail spaces with 1.5–2.5 mm, and outdoor totems with 4–10 mm.
Unlike LCD walls, LED walls are seamless — there are no bezel lines between modules. They are possible in free formats (curved, stacked, transparent, ceiling-mounted) and deliver 3,000 to 10,000 nits of brightness, which makes shop windows, lobby walls, and outdoor installations with direct sunlight viable for the first time.
The trade-off: higher investment costs than comparable LCD solutions, but a longer lifespan (typically 100,000 hours at 50% brightness), modular repairability (individual cabinets can be replaced), and scalability without visible boundaries.